Yellow Coneflowers and Wild Bergamot

Yellow Coneflowers and Wild Bergamot

Yellow Coneflowers and Wild Bergamot

Poetry by Jim Daubert, Empire-Sauk Chapter Member

June 2, 2026

Yellow Coneflowers

Yearning to please
Exuberantly alive
Lively, illuminating
Lovely
Offering intrigue
Wind driven

Cultural symbol
Offering hope
Nature’s answer
Enchanting mood elevator
Fascinating,
Lackadaisical
Outstanding
Wound healing, medicinal properties
Ecstasy
Radiant,
Serene, stimulating

Coneflower by Molly Fifield-Murray

Wild Bergamot

Wonderfully wild
Idyllic
Likable, Lyrical
Delightful

Bold, bee balm, horsemint
Enchanting, elegant
Glamorous
Ability to sooth
Monarda, mint like fragrance
Oregano-scented,
Tranquilizing

Hummingbird moth on bergamot by Gary Eldred

Parsnip Identification: Telling apart golden Alexanders, yellow pimpernel and poison parsnip

Parsnip Identification: Telling apart golden Alexanders, yellow pimpernel and poison parsnip

Parsnip Identification: Telling apart golden Alexanders, yellow pimpernel and poison parsnip 

Article and Photos by Dan Carter, The Prairie Enthusiasts Ecologist
June 1, 2026

Two native yellow-flowering plants of prairies, savannas, and oak woods that are sometimes confused with parsnip (or poison parsnip, Pastinaca sativa) are golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea) and yellow pimpernel (Taenidia integerrima).

Golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea)

Golden Alexanders has lower leaves that are divided into leaflets arranged along two or three orders of branching (they are 2 to 3 times compound), and its leaflets have serrated edges. 

Yellow pimpernel (Taenidia integerrima)

Yellow pimpernel also has lower leaves that are divided into leaflets and 2 to 3 times compound), but the edges of the leaflets are not serrated. They are smooth (or entire). 

Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)

Parsnip has leaves throughout that are divided into leaflets, but they are all arranged along a single axis without any secondary or tertiary branching like golden Alexanders and yellow pimpernel, or for that matter other native yellow plants in the carrot family like prairie parsley (Polytaenia nuttallii) and meadow parsnip (Thaspium trifoliatum). 

About The Prairie Enthusiasts 

The Prairie Enthusiasts is an accredited land trust that seeks to ensure the perpetuation and recovery of prairie, oak savanna, and other fire-dependent ecosystems of the Upper Midwest through protection, management, restoration, and education. In doing so, they strive to work openly and cooperatively with private landowners and other private and public conservation groups. Their management and stewardship centers on high-quality remnants, which contain nearly all the components of endangered prairie communities. 

Ron and Darla Giordano Awarded Gathering Waters’ Land Legacy Award

Ron and Darla Giordano Awarded Gathering Waters’ Land Legacy Award

Ron and Darla Giordano Awarded Gathering Waters Land Legacy Award

Press Release from Gathering Waters. Photo by Mike Foy

May 14, 2026

Gathering Waters is excited to announce the winners of the 2026 Land Conservation Leadership Awards!

The awards recognize the outstanding achievements and contributions of individuals and organizations that devote their time and talents to protecting Wisconsin’s land, water, and wildlife. We look forward to presenting the winners with their awards at events throughout the year.

 

Ron and Darla Giordano – Land Legacy Award

Ron and Darla Giordano’s conservation legacy is rooted in a profound love for the land. The Giordanos fell in love with a remarkable 40-acre parcel in Columbia County’s Wisconsin River Valley. For five years, Ron called the original owner every month, asking if he would consider selling. When the owner finally agreed, the Giordanos got to work quickly, connecting with the Wisconsin DNR to complete an ecological survey. A site assessment confirmed the property harbored intact native vegetation, significant restoration potential for sand prairie and oak savanna habitat, and even a state-endangered animal species.

The Giordanos made the extraordinary decision to donate their property permanently to The Prairie Enthusiasts in May 2023, ensuring its protection in perpetuity. Groundswell Conservancy led negotiations, made arrangements for the closing, and helped cover closing costs. Recognizing that meaningful restoration requires real investment, the Giordanos went a step further with a generous cash donation to support the site’s initial management. The property is now named Giordano Oak Barrens and Sand Prairie, and sits near an existing 12-acre nature preserve, offering the potential to create a larger ecosystem of sandy habitat.

About The Prairie Enthusiasts 

The Prairie Enthusiasts is an accredited land trust that seeks to ensure the perpetuation and recovery of prairie, oak savanna, and other fire-dependent ecosystems of the Upper Midwest through protection, management, restoration, and education. In doing so, they strive to work openly and cooperatively with private landowners and other private and public conservation groups. Their management and stewardship centers on high-quality remnants, which contain nearly all the components of endangered prairie communities. 

Garlic Mustard Season is Beginning: Tips and Tricks

Garlic Mustard Season is Beginning: Tips and Tricks

Garlic Mustard Season is Beginning: Tips and Tricks

Written by Dan Carter. Photos by Dan Carter.

April 6, 2026

Garlic mustard season is beginning. The image shows garlic mustard seedlings (left) next to a second-year plant (right) that will flower later this spring if we allow it. They are growing beneath walnut, boxelder, and common buckthorn.

Before you work to control it, I strongly encourage looking for underlying contributors to garlic mustard invasion. Garlic mustard is often most abundant where exotic brush or trees like walnut, black locust, white mulberry, or boxelder are present. These not only produce the shade garlic mustard likes, but their leaf litter decomposes rapidly. This rapid decomposition means that the litter fails to physically obstruct garlic mustard seedlings, and it also means that the litter releases nutrients and essentially fertilizes garlic mustard at the perfect time for garlic mustard to take advantage. I don’t bother doing anything about garlic mustard in those kinds of settings unless it is part of a restoration project that is also addressing  the underlying problem of high nutrient availability and excessive shade. Even then, I might not worry about a little garlic mustard if restoration activities cause the site to become dramatically sunnier and more exposed to drying winds, because garlic mustard competes poorly in such settings.

When I do control garlic mustard, I rely on the following:

1) Consecutive years of prescribed fire between fall and very early spring, if there is adequate leaf litter or other fuel. Garlic mustard is green through the dormant season, so burning at that time harms it. Very well-timed burns just after seedlings germinate (late March in southern Wisconsin) are very beneficial. Most second-year plants will survive fire, but have reduced vigor, but there will be few second-year plants if burns occur over a few consecutive years.

2) In late March or very early April I use a flame weeder (torch connected to a propane tank) when conditions are damp and there is no risk of starting a wildfire. It only takes a quick pass of the heat of the flame to melt away young seedling plants, and they won’t come back. Second year plants will be damaged, but most won’t be killed unless you keep the flame on them for long periods.

3) I pull second year plants beginning as soon as the ground thaws and continue through early flowering. Pulled plants do not need to be removed from the site so long as they aren’t left with good root contact to soil. Seed pods (siliques) that have not begun to fatten will not produce viable seeds.

I generally don’t foliar spray garlic mustard with herbicide, because I find the above approaches to be sufficient. Also, many desirable native species maintain green leaves through the winter, and if they are present, I don’t want them to get sprayed. They tend to be perennials that recover from flame weeding and benefit for dormant season fires.

(Regarding photos below) The first photo shows an area under a large white mulberry tree with many walnut trees coming up around it. These produce ideal habitat for garlic mustard and other weeds–fast-decomposing leaf litter that doesn’t smother plants that are green during the cold times of year and releases nutrients when garlic mustard can most take advantage. I wouldn’t bother with garlic mustard control in a setting like this unless it was a new arrival to an area or I was concurrently addressing the underlying problem, which here is white mulberry and walnut that don’t belong in a savanna. The second picture shows up close what is growing beneath the mulberry and walnut–abundant garlic mustard, dame’s rocket, and motherwort. The other carrot family thing probably is either sweet cicely or aniseroot (not sure). Those two species and other native woodland plants with sticktight seeds like white avens, honewort, and stickseed are often found in places like this. 

About The Prairie Enthusiasts 

The Prairie Enthusiasts is an accredited land trust that seeks to ensure the perpetuation and recovery of prairie, oak savanna, and other fire-dependent ecosystems of the Upper Midwest through protection, management, restoration, and education. In doing so, they strive to work openly and cooperatively with private landowners and other private and public conservation groups. Their management and stewardship centers on high-quality remnants, which contain nearly all the components of endangered prairie communities. 

Why Prairies Unfold and Gently Reveal – Finding Delight in the Discovery

Why Prairies Unfold and Gently Reveal – Finding Delight in the Discovery

Why Prairies Unfold and Gently Reveal – Finding Delight in the Discovery

Photo and piece by Brent J. Anderson, Minnesota Oak Savanna Chapter member

March 20, 2026

“I still don’t understand,” she said, scanning the five acres in front of us. “I get hummingbirds all the time near the house. Why not out here yet?” It was a fair question. Her traditional garden beds, tucked close to the house, buzzed with life. But the prairie reconstruction — now in its early years — felt quieter by comparison. Not empty. Just… young. “And the meadowlarks,” she continued. “They’re known to nest within five miles. You’d think at least one would check this place out.”

We stood at the edge of the field, the mid-July sun warming the grasses. Around the perimeter, the bluebird boxes she had carefully installed waited with patient optimism. “They’ll come,” I said. “You’ve picked the right milestones. They’re just operating on prairie time.” She gave me the look I’ve seen many times from new prairie builders — the look that mixes hope with the faint suspicion that nature might be ignoring their carefully laid plans.

Shifting the Lens
I reassured her that her goals were sound. Hummingbirds, meadowlarks and nesting bluebirds are meaningful indicators of a maturing ecosystem, and eventually many of them will arrive. Some may appear in a few years. Others may take decades. That is not pessimism. That is prairie reality.

Then I suggested something different. “Let’s hunt for Easter eggs,” I said.

She laughed. “In July?”

“In prairie work,” I told her, “the small discoveries are the big wins — if you train yourself to see them.” Her expression shifted from frustration to curiosity, which is exactly the turn you hope for. “I bet the orb weavers are out today,” I added.

“What’s an orb weaver?”

“Big spiders – especially big in September,” I said. “But start by looking small. Move slowly. Intentionally.

The First Discovery
We had barely gone twenty yards before she stopped. “What is this?” Nestled among the young grasses was a delicate little plant with star-shaped, pale-blue flowers.

Instead of answering, I handed her a new assignment. “Download iNaturalist,” I said. “You’re going to identify it yourself.” There was some good-natured grumbling, followed by several minutes of crouching, photographing and squinting at her phone.

Then her face lit up. “Blue-eyed grass!”

“Yes,” I said. “Good job!”

She looked back at the plant, then at me. “Did we include that in the original seed mix?”

“You planted it,” I reminded her. “It was one of the six species I gave you a few Christmases ago. You frost-seeded it a few days after the holidays.” That earned a wide grin — and our first pair of dirtied knees, always a promising sign during a prairie walk.

Spiders and Small Victories
We did find the spiders — just not immediately. A banded garden spider hung in its web, far more intimidating at first glance than in reality. She circled it cautiously, then leaned closer to take photos. As she studied it, I shared why many Indigenous cultures viewed orb weavers with respect — symbols of patience, persistence and careful craftsmanship. The story seemed to settle her nerves. What began as hesitation turned into genuine fascination. More importantly, her attention sharpened. She began to slow down, scan more deliberately and notice details that would have slipped past her an hour earlier.

That shift opened the door.

The Prairie Begins to Reveal Itself
The discoveries began stacking up. “Leopard frogs? Out here?” she asked, genuinely surprised. “Away from water?”

“Isn’t that cool?” I replied. “They’ve got what they need — food, shade, moisture. Have you ever seen them on this part of your land before?”

“Never.”

“That’s a win,” I said. “A legitimate mini-milestone! Your ‘insect buffet’ is clearly improving.” From there, the pace grew purposeful. Insects she had never noticed before appeared in the grasses. We paused often, crouching low with phones out, identifying one species after another. As the sun climbed higher, the butterflies arrived on cue. One fluttered near my shoulder then onto a stem, and I managed a close photo. “Common Checkered-Skipper,” I said, showing her the screen.

She leaned in — and then let out a delighted shriek when she saw the detail. “I had no idea something like that was even here.” Moments later she spotted the metallic flash of a pure green sweat bee. That one stopped her cold. “It doesn’t even look real,” she whispered.

“These show up when things are headed the right direction,” I told her. “I am a little surprised you haven’t seen them near the house.” She shook her head slowly, scanning the prairie again.

“There’s just so much more to find and see out here.”

Exactly.

The Ripple Effect
What happened next may have been the most important milestone of the day. Her discoveries created momentum. Within a week she was bringing her kids out to look for what they started calling “prairie Easter eggs.” Soon after, neighbors were invited to walk the field. Even her elderly parents — armed with canes and walkers — joined slow, careful hikes along the edges.

She wasn’t just observing anymore. She was sharing what she was learning, pointing out plants, explaining insects and celebrating each new find with the enthusiasm of someone who had crossed an invisible threshold.

Watching that unfold was deeply rewarding for me, because it signaled something profound. The prairie was already doing its quiet work — not just in the soil and stems but in the people connected to it.

The Quiet Truth About Prairie Work:
Prairie reconstruction is not a single finish line; it is a long unfolding process measured in decades rather than seasons. The hummingbirds will come. As wild bergamot, columbine and early figwort continue to establish and expand, nectar resources will improve and the odds will steadily shift in her favor. The meadowlarks may come too — but perhaps not on her preferred timeline.

And that is the deeper lesson prairies teach all of us.

We are not the true managers of these systems. At best, we are careful guides and patient caretakers. Weather patterns, soil microbes, plant succession and a fair measure of luck all play their parts. Even under excellent stewardship, a full, mature prairie community may take 25 to 50 years to fully express itself.

That reality can frustrate us or it can free us.

When you learn to celebrate the in-between milestones — the unexpected frog, the first sweat bee, the tiny forb you almost missed — you begin to experience the prairie the way it actually unfolds. Not as a destination you control but as a living system you have the privilege to witness. The big milestones will come in time.

But the sustaining joy is found along the way.

 

Minnesota Oak Savanna Chapter of The Prairie Enthusiasts

Our Chapter includes the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne and Wright Counties. While our Chapter prioritizes identification and management of remnant fire-dependent systems, many times we’re actively involved in restoration work – especially in creating buffers around existing remnants, or assisting landowners committed to re-creating prairies on their properties. We’re actively seeking new members committed to the protection and care of prairie remnants, managing prairies through prescribed fire, restoring degraded prairies, building new prairies and/or excited to learn about prairie projects in their own communities. We invite you to subscribe to our Chapter updates and become a member. Learn more about the Minnesota Oak Savanna Chapter here.

About The Prairie Enthusiasts 

The Prairie Enthusiasts is an accredited land trust that seeks to ensure the perpetuation and recovery of prairie, oak savanna, and other fire-dependent ecosystems of the Upper Midwest through protection, management, restoration, and education. In doing so, they strive to work openly and cooperatively with private landowners and other private and public conservation groups. Their management and stewardship centers on high-quality remnants, which contain nearly all the components of endangered prairie communities.